Research Paper
Mendez vs Westminster

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"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place"
     -- Chief Justice Earl Warren

"As a Mendez Scholar, I am honored to live in a country where words are heard, rights count, and freedom is mine. I represent a nation in which there is equality and justice; for this I am proud to be an American."
     -- Mendez Fundamental Intermediate School Honor Code.

 
Background

In 1954, the United States Supreme Court handed down a landmark decision. They declared that the earlier finding of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 which founded the doctrine of "separate but equal" did indeed violate the constitution. However, eight years earlier another case was made, this one in our own backyard. 

When the 17th Street School in Westminster refused to admit Gonzalo Mendez' children, it set a series of events into motion that would change the history of public education in California.

Your Assignment

For this research assignment, you will investigate the story behind the Mendez vs Westminster case. Describe the case, and explain its place in history. Finally, assess the impact today. Is there equality in education today?

While you will be explaining what happened in the Mendez story, this in itself will not give you a thesis. How did the Mendez case impact education here in California, and how did it influence later events (such as Brown v Board of Education)? Look at the impact of the case today. Use all of the information you have collected as you prepared the prison education essay and the No Child Left Behind essay. When Mendez  and his colleagues were fighting for equality in education, they had a vision in mind, a goal. Have we met that goal in education? Or is there still more we need to be working toward?

For a quick overview of the story and some helpful links, you can check out "Mendez v. Westminster: A Look At Our Latino Heritage."

The Cerritos Library has also developed a resource page to help you get started.

If you feel ambitious, you might even research the court documents themselves. 

Here are a few more good articles:

Helpful Hint: Since this case took place in Orange Country, the absolute best source of information is the Santa Ana Library. They have archived materials that will be invaluable to you as you research this topic. I know it is can be a drive for some of you, but I can assure you that it will be well worth your time and energy. As one student put it, "The Santa Ana Library was a one-stop shop for this research paper."

As you begin, I would encourage you to look into the background behind the case. What made this all possible? Also, while you will be evaluating these events with your 21st Century views, try to take into account the thinking of the time. This will give you a better perspective as you analyze the case. 

In addition to providing information on the case itself, you will also analyze the impact this case had on education in California and its role today. This will require some critical thinking on your part.

Style and Format Issues

Your research paper will need to be a MINIMUM of SEVEN pages in length. You will need to document your sources following MLA formation, and you must include a MINIMUM of TEN sources in your bibliography (otherwise known as a "List of Works Cited"). Of those ten sources, a maximum of TWO can be from the Internet (you can use as many as you want from Online databases such as LexisNexis or Ebscohost). I will expect to see evidence that you are using all ten sources to develop your essay (this means that you should be integrating the source material into your essay and providing in-text citations). 

NOTE: You must complete the draft of your bibliography and submit it on time. If you fail to do this, I will not accept your research paper. This will hopefully prevent you from procrastinating! Also, remember that the bibliography is part of your research paper, so just because you are submitting a draft ahead of time does not mean that you don't need to include the works cited with your research paper.

Also remember that you must submit your essay to Turnitin.com prior to submitting it in class.

The Fast Track to a "D" or an "F" on This Assignment

Even though this assignment is a significant percentage of the final class grade, many students don't put in their best effort. There are a few mistakes that will automatically drop your grade down to a D or an F. Here is a list so you can be sure to avoid these mistakes upfront and save yourself some heartache and anguish.

  • Not providing BOTH in-text citations AND a bibliography. You are expected to use 10 sources to develop this essay. I would expect to see those sources referenced not only in the bibliography but also within the text. If you are only using one or two sources to write your paper and then simply listing the rest in the bibliography, you are probably coming very close to plagiarism. Also, remember that the bibliography is part of your paper. It is not a separate assignment! The bibliography should be the page immediately following the final page of text in your essay.
  • Using first person pronouns (I, me) to refer to yourself. This is not an autobiography. This paper is not about you personally. I shouldn't be reading "I think," "I feel," "I believe" or anything even close to that in your paper.
  • Not developing the essay to the full seven page minimum. This has been true of all of the essays you have submitted this semester, but often people forget about it on the research paper.

  • Not submitting the assignments associated with the research paper. No matter how many times I say that this assignment will be time consuming, students still wait until the last minute. The associated assignments are a means to push you to work on the paper early and to be sure you have the events in order. It is also a way for me to monitor your progress and offer suggestions if I notice any problems. 

Essays will be returned unread and ungraded if they:

  • do not meet the minimum page requirement
  • do not meet the minimum requirement for secondary sources
  • are not typed in MLA format (the format discussed in class)
  • are not accompanied by strong evidence of the writing process: prewriting, drafting, revision, editing, proofreading.

Late papers (including those that are returned with any of the above listed problems) will lose one full letter grade (10 points). Papers that are submitted more than 15 minutes late on the day they are due will be considered late. Late papers will not be eligible for any revision opportunities that might be offered.

Remember that if you get stuck I am here to answer your questions.  This can be a fun and challenging assignment, but sometimes it takes some getting used to. If you do get stuck, don't stay stuck. Come and talk to me as soon as possible. 

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This page updated 07-24-07