Project:  Betty Friedan: The Personal Is Political[1]

[Overview] [Explanation] [Chapters 1 – 3] [Chapters 4- 6] [Chapters 7-9][Topics for Final Essay]


 

Overview

 

This project required that you read the biography Betty Friedan: The Political Is Personal. (ISBN 0-321-39388-0). You have two options to purchase this book.
 

 

 

 

The assignments for this project will divided into three parts and be included in the assignments for Learning Modules 1, 2, & 3.

 

 

This project is worth 104 points:

 

Biographical Profiles of Betty Friedan: Access this link if you do not know about Betty Friedan and her contributions to the women’s movement.


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Explanation of Online Discussions

Online Discussion of Study Questions: Submissions to the online discussions must be completed during the specific time period.  No exceptions

 

Purpose: To examine major themes in Freidan's  personal and public life.  In a discussion, you can offer your ideas and thoughts, as well as learn from your classmates.  The content of these discussions will be valuable for writing the two personal reflections and the final essay. 

 

Timing: 

 

 

Due Date – Comments in the Discussion: October 5

 

Assessment: 6 points per chapter; 54 points total

 

Preparing for the Online Discussions

 

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Learning Module 1: Chapters 1-3

 

Betty Friedan was not born a feminist; neither were her parents or close friends. Yet, her experiences as a child, adolescent, college student, and young adult shaped her political perspective and her advocacy for social justice.

 

Therefore, the objective for this assignment is to identify, describe and evaluate specific experiences or events in Friedan's personal life that caused her to become an advocate for those who were marginalized by mainstream American society and for political actions that led to social justice and protection of individual choice.   

 

Chapter One: Through a Glass Darkly: Select one the following questions:  

 

  1. As an adult Friedan often referred to her experiences of not being asked to join a sorority in high school.  Why did she think she was rejected?  How did her parents counsel her? How did this experience change her attitude about herself? Why do you think she cited this experience so often once she had become a leader in the women’s movement?

  2. In her high school autobiography, “Through the Glass Darkly,” Bettye wrote that her long-term goal was to “fall in love and be loved and be needed by someone: and “to have children.”  And she wanted something more: “I want to do something with my life—to have an absorbing interest. I want success and fame.”  What factors in her family life and her observations about her mother might have caused her to make this statement?  Pay specific attention to her relationships and interactions with her mother and her father.

 

Chapter 2: Exploring the Life of the Mind: Select one of the following questions:  

 

  1. Describe how courses with James Gibson and Dorothy Wolff Douglas were especially significant to Betty’s learning experience at Smith College.  In what ways did these courses help shape Freidan’s advocacy for women’s rights?

  2. In her autobiography In Life So Far, Friedan writes that the lasting significance of her education at Smith College was that she had gained an “inescapable social conscience” and “an inescapable sense of political responsibility.”  In what ways did she act n this responsibility in her final two years at Smith College?  Describe two or three examples from her actions as editor of SCAN and SCM and/or her summer internship at Highlander Folk School.

 Chapter 3: Working for the Revolution: Select one of the following questions:  

1.   At Federated Press, Betty focused on issues facing women as workers, housewives, and consumers.  How did she address these issues in “Pretty Posters Won’t Stop Turnover of Women in Industry?”  Provide two specific examples from the contents of the article, paying particular attention to the interview with Ruth Young. 

2.      “UE Fights for Women Workers” represents Betty’s strongest argument for women workers.  What examples do you find to be most persuasive?  Review the list of demands in “UE’s Program for Women.”  Are there any points that would be relevant to a women’s rights movement? Are there any points that are still relevant today?

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Learning Module 2: Chapters 4, 5, and 6.

Chapter 4: Homeward Bound 

1.    As a high school senior, Betty had decided she wanted to be married, have children, and have an “absorbing interest” outside the home that brought her “success and fame.” How did she achieve these objectives in the late 1940s and early 1950s?  What challenges did she face when she tried to combine her role as a wife and mother and her decision to have a career as a freelance writer?

2.      In what ways was Friedan not a typical suburban housewife living in Rockland County?  Consider her work as a freelance writer and founder and director of the Intellectual Resources Pool.

Chapter 5: Defrocking the Myth 

1.    In the last two chapters of The Feminine Mystique, Friedan offers solutions to the “problem that has no name.” How feasible is Friedan’s “New Life Plan for Women” for a young woman living in suburbia who had two or three small children?  What kind of support systems would she need to engage in Friedan’s “New Life Plan for Women”?
 

2.    Although critics and feminists argue that The Feminine Mystique is limited to the experiences of white middle-class women living in suburbia, Freidan’s book was a key factor that led to the second-wave feminist movement and inspired many to become feminist activists.  What are some of the reasons cited in the chapter that account for the book’s impact?  For example, would Friedan’s “New Life Plan for Women” appeal to working-class women and women of color?  Is Friedan’s plan relevant and/or still needed today?

Chapter 6: Reluctant Heroines

  1. Explain the significance of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for women’s rights.  How did the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) react to the provision to assure an end of sex discrimination in the workplace?

  2. In NOW’ Statement of Purpose (see Appendix A) Friedan articulates her concept of feminism.  What is this concept?  In what ways is the Statement of Purpose inclusive of working-class women and women of color and of the assertion that women’s rights are human rights?  What culturally defined group of women is missing from this document?

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Learning Module 3: Chapters 7 - 9

Chapter 7: The Unfinished Revolution

  1. What are the demands of NOW’s Bill of Rights for Women (see Appendix B)? Why were the demands that women have access to legal abortion and the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment considered the “most revolutionary” demands in the late 1960s? Are these demands still considered revolutionary today?

 

  1. The Women’s Strike for Equality is a high point of the women’s movement and its success is directly attributed to Friedan.  Select one or two examples that illustrate how she made this event successful.

 

  1. How did Friedan, as president, assure the success of NOW in its early and most fragile years?  Identify and describe two or three examples that are discussion in the final pages of Chapter 7.

Chapter 8: Transcending Polarities

1.    Evaluate the ways that Friedan lobbied for a woman's’ right to a legal abortion from 1968 to 1973.  In her comments at the first meeting of NARAL, how did she connect a woman’s right to choose and a person’s inalienable right to personal liberty?  How did Roe v. Wade immediately affect the lives of women?

2.    Much to Friedan's credit, the U.S. Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972, and by 1973, 30 states had ratified it.  Yet the ERA had significant opposition from Phyllis Schlafly.  Evaluate the assumptions and actions of Schlafly about women’s rights and women’s role in American society.  Why did Schlafly oppose feminism?  Who were her supporters?  In what ways did she attach NOW?

 

Chapter 9: New Feminist Frontiers

1.    In The Second Stage, Friedan presents the family as the “new feminist frontier.”  What are her assumptions and her argument?  How is Friedan's  concept of a new feminist frontier consistent with her assumptions and solution in The Feminine Mystique, Now’s Statement of Purpose, and the Women’s Bill of Rights?

2.    Friedan continued to pursue her interest in the family as the new feminist frontier at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and in The New Paradigm Project.  In what ways does each of these projects correspond to her previous writings and her feminist ideas?  How relevant are the issues discussed within each of these project today?
 

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Topics for the Final Essay

  1. Evaluate the ways that Friedan’s personal experiences shaped her feminism and public actions.
     

This topic requires that you make connections between specific experiences of Friedan’s life as a child, adolescent and young adult (Chapters 1-4) with her actions as a feminist and political activist. Therefore, you must select specific actions that Friedan took beginning with the publication of The Feminine Mystique and ending with her work on the ERA, aging, and The Paradigm Project (Chapters 5 – 9).  To begin, you should select three specific examples from the first four chapters that shaped Friedan’s perspective.  One example might be her interaction with her parents; another might be her experiences as a labor journalist.  Then you need to think about Friedan’s approach to women’s rights:  how might her interaction with her parents shaped her approach to women’s equality and equity?  And what was the specific action she took, e.g. a founder of NOW. 

Do not fall into the trap of writing a short biographical profile of Friedan.  Rather spend time selecting and thinking about the examples you select. Then weave these into a meaningful, clear exam essay. 

 

  1. What is the relevance of Betty Friedan’s ideas today?  In this essay consider one or more of the following: (1) political solution to social issues; (2) the family as the new feminist frontier; (3) attitudes toward Friedan by those affiliated with third wave feminism; (4) relevance of Friedan’s ideas to women of color.

In this essay, you will need to evaluate two to three key ideas or actions of Friedan and then consider if these still have meaning.  You can select from all three categories, or you can write an essay that has an analysis of two to three actions be Friedan in one of the three categories. The relevant chapters for this essay are Chapters 5 – 9.

  1. Friedan consistently made the argument that men had as much to gain as women in the “unfinished revolution” of women’s rights. What is her argument?  Do you agree?

Students who write on this topic will need to demonstrate that Friedan believed that men would gain equally by her approach to women’s rights.  To make this case requires precise examples from her writing and speeches.  Such ideas are implied in TFM, but Friedan expanded and advanced these ideas in her concept of the Fourth Dimension.  Her ideas became more concrete in the 1970s --- examples include her definition of sexism, her teaching at various universities and colleges in the 1970s, the fundamental assumptions and arguments in The Second Stage, her concept that the new feminist frontier is the family in the 1980s, and her work on The New Paradigm Project.  She spoke and wrote about this concept, most especially from the mid-1970s to the early years of 2000.  I can offer some examples of speeches to those who will write on this topic. Chapters 6 – 9 are the relevant chapters in the biography. As a side-note, you might find it useful to think about why she believed that men gain in this unfinished revolution.  For this, you could consider her experiences of the relationship between her father and mother.  

  1. Propose a topic that is based on your own interest or experiences. For example, you can (1) interview someone has been directly impacted by the women’s movement (1960s – 1980s), (2) makes a comparison between the actions of the women’s movement and the Civil Rights Movement, or any other focus that you would like to pursue. 

 

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Created by Susan Oliver, History Lives
soliver@cerritos.edu

 

 



[1] Last Updated: 9/18/2009