History 103 - Learning Module 2

Study Guide for Objective Exam

Information from Lectures, Activities and Films:

• See History 103/Lectures Notes – Relevant lectures and sections will be marked.

• Additional Sources:
  
  

· Questions from Quiz on Reform & Social Darwinism

· Questions from Quiz 1 – Lewis Hine

· Questions from Activity 2 – Creel’s “How We Advertised America.”

· Questions on Iron Jawed Angels

Assigned Textbook Chapters:

Chapter 21:

1. Ideas, assumptions, individuals who were social justice progressives
2. Muckrakers
3. Muller v. Oregon
4. John Dewey and education
5. Relationship between progressive reformers and working class
6. Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire
7. Theodore Roosevelt as progressive reformer: trust buster, labor issues; foreign policy (Chapter 20).
8. Key legislation of Progressive Reform: Meat Inspection Act; Pure Food and Drug Act; child labor; income tax; 18^th and 19^th amendments to U.S. Constitution.
9. Women’s suffrage and progressive reform; strategy to gain support for 19^th amendment.
10. Progressive Reform and Workers

Chapter 22:

1. Event in 1914 that caused European nations to mobilize for war.
2. Central cause of World War I (Lecture)
3. Wilson’s approach to WWI 1914 -1917; 1917- 1919. (Also see Lecture Outlines)
4. Issue of German submarines and British blockade; impact on US neutrality
5. Events that led to America’s declaration of war on Germany
6. Impact within the U.S. once US became a participant in WWI: civil liberties, social impact, political impact – federal government power; attitudes of social progressives.
7. Issues of African Americans & WWI; WEB DuBois
8. The progress / non-progress of the war at time of American entry into WWI
9. Impact of American troops on war effort
10. Fourteen Points: origins; content; outcome
11. Wilson and Paris Peace Conference: actions; political problems with republicans; impact on peace negotiations; fate of Treaty of Versailles in US.
    
    

Chapter 23:

1. Red scare
2. KKK in 1920s
3. Sacco-Vanzetti
4. scopes trial
5. immigration restriction: specific actions in 1921, 1924, 1927 (lecture and textbook)
6. women political activists in the 1920s

Glossary of Terms:

Democracy: A system of government in which the people have the power to rule, either directly or indirectly through their elected representatives.

Feminism: The belief that men and women have an inherent (inborn) right to equal social, political, and economic opportunities. The suffrage movement (1890s – 192) and second-wave feminism of the 1960s and 1970s were the most visible and successful manifestations of feminism, but feminist ideas were expressed in a variety of statements and movements as early as the late 18^th century and continue to be expressed in the 21^st century.

Liberalism: The political doctrine that government rests on the consent of the governed and is duty-bound to protect the freedom and property of the individual. In the 20^th century, liberalism became associated with the idea that government should regulate the economy and ensure the material well-being and individual rights of all people. See progressivism and social justice.

Nativism: Bias against immigrants and in favor of native-born inhabitants. American nativists especially favor persons who come from white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant lines over those from other racial, ethnic and religious heritages. Nativists may include former immigrants who view new immigrants as incapable of assimilation. Many nativists, such as members of the Know-Nothing Party in the 19^th century and the Ku Klux Klan through the contemporary period, voice anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic sentiments.

Progressivism, (progressive movement): A wide-ranged 20^th century reform movement that advocated government activism to mitigate the problems created by urban industrialization. Most specifically, the movement called for government Progressivism reached its peak in 1912 with the creation of the Progressive Party, which ran Theodore Roosevelt for president. The term progressivism has come to mean any general advocating of social welfare programs. In the United States, the Progressive Era was a period of reform which spanned from the 1890s to 1920. In that time progressives strongly opposed waste and corruption, seeking change in regard to workers’ rights and protection of the ordinary citizen in general. The reformers (and their opponents) were predominantly members of the middle class. Most were well educated white Protestants who lived in cities. Catholics, Jews and blacks crafted their own versions of the Progressive Movement. In general, progressives in pushed for social justice, general equality and public safety. Progressivism is still very much part of the dialogue of social reform and politics. For example, the belief by many politicians and citizens that the United States should have a national health care plan is an example of Progressivism.

Radicalism: An approach to reform that demands a revolutionary change in the basic institutions of politics, economics, and society.

Scientific management: A system of organizing work developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19^th century to increase the efficiency and productivity by breaking tasks into their component parts and training workers to perform specific parts. Labor resisted this effort because it deskilled workers and led to the speedup of production lines. Taylor’s ideas were most popular at the height of the Progressive Era.

Social Justice: Based on the assumption that in a democratic society the basic needs of food, shelter, jobs, and education should be available to all citizens. If these conditions are not met in a free market economy, then it is the responsibility of the political process (government) to make these needs accessible to citizens. Underlying this concept is a belief that the assumption that the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few. See Progressivism.

Suffrage: The right to vote. The term suffrage is most often associated with the efforts of American women to secure voting rights in the late 19^th and early 20^th century. These efforts met with success with the ratification of the 19^th amendment to the U. S. Constitution in 1920.

Temperance Movement: The reform movement to end drunkenness by urging people to abstain from the consumption of alcohol. Begun in the 1820s, this movement achieved its greatest political victory with the passage of a constitutional amendment in 1919 that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol. That amendment was repealed in 1933.