Study Guide – Activity 1: Lewis Hine Argues for Social Reform

1. Know the meanings of Liberalism, Progressivism, Reform Darwinism, and Temperance Movement & Social Justice. (See Glossary which is included in the handout)

2. Read carefully the section on the The Social Justice Movement in your textbook. From this understand the general approach and concerns of those social justice progressives; the work and actions of Florence Kelley; and the attitude/efforts of these reformers to aid the working class.

Handouts: Specific to Lewis Hine and his work

1. What demographic group did Lewis Hine want to convince with his photographs of working children?

2. Did the efforts of Hine and other progressive reformers end in child labor by 1902?

3. Which agency hired Hine to take photographs of child labor?

4. Two photographers were leaders in using photography as a means to foster social reform. Hine was one; who was the other?

5. The census of 1890 documented the number and demographics of working children.
What were its findings?

6. What were the common ailments of children working in industry?

7. Why did employers prefer to hire children?

8. What did Progressive Era reformers believe about the impact of working children on the children and society?

9. Did social reform photography end in 1920?

10. Child labor laws: The Keating-Owen Act; “Tax on Employment of Child Labor”; Smith Hughes Act.

Handout: Child Labor in America – This History Place

1. What was the impact of the Fair Labor Standards Act (Federal Wage and Hour Law) on child labor? What standards did it establish for working children and adolescents?