Study Guide – Learning Module 1 – History 103

Terms:  See attached.  Four of these terms will be on the exam

Information from Lectures

1.      What were the provisions in the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments?

2.      What were the three, interrelated factors that led to “Making America Modern” in the Gilded Age?

3.      What job opportunities did African American women have in the Gilded Age?

4.      What were the demographic characteristics of those who were hired for skilled labor in the last two decades of the 19th century?

5.      Who was a socialist, leader in the labor union movement (Pullman strike) and 3rd party candidate for President in the elections in the late 19th and early 20th century?

6.      When the United States expanded its influence and boundaries beyond its borders, what were the three categories that expressed the country’s objective?

7.      What did the United States gain in the peace treaty with Spain at the end of the Spanish American War?

8.      Who were some of the well-known Americans who were included in the anti-imperialist group in the 1890s?

9.      How did the Filipino people react to American presence after the Spanish American War?

10.   What were the reasons that the anti-imperialist’s objected to the United Sates’ annexation of the Philippine Islands?

Chapter 16:

Topic: Texture of Industrial Progress

1.      What “industrial development” in the late 19th century promoted industrial development?

Topic: Industrial World and the Laboring Class:

2.      The “new immigrants” came from what areas in the world?

3.      What were the job experiences of Black Americans who had migrated to northern states from 1865 – 1900?

Topic: Strive and Succeed:

4.      With regard to economic success, what was the “social ethic” that prevailed in the late 19th century?

5.      Which demographic group had the greatest success and upward mobility in the late 19th century?

Topic: Industrial Work and the Laboring Class

6.      Did women who were married and in families of industrial workers work typically work outside the home?

7.      Did married black women work outside the home in the late 19th?      If so, why?

Topic: Capital vs. Labor

8.      With regard to the workplace, what were the primary goals of the typical worker in the late 19th century

9.      What were actions and outcomes of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

10.   Did the American Federation of Labor recruit African American workers?

11.   What were the developments and outcomes of the Homestead Strike?

Chapter 17

Topic: The Industrial City

12.   In working class neighborhoods of American industrial cities, what was the approach taken by ethnic groups with regards to their living circumstances?

13.   The population growth in northeastern cities increased because of the influx of immigrants.  Most immigrants had come from what geographical area in Europe?

14.   What was the reason that many rural Americans moved to cities to find work in the late 19th century?

Topic: The New Urban Geography

  1. Why did industrialists seek remote sites for new factories?
  2. What was the “model industrial town” in Illinois?
  3. Who was the leader of the “sympathy strike” against Pullman?
  4. European men influenced middle class reformers in the United States.  Who were these men?

Topic: Reforming the City

  1. Who founded the settlement house in Chicago?
  2. Why were settlement houses formed in the late 19th century?
  3. What was at the “top of the list” for urban reform in New York City?
  4. Who wrote How the Other Half Lives?
  5. What religious movement in the 1890s attracted Protestant ministers?

Chapter 18

Topic: Steps Toward Empire

  1. Why did Americans in the 19th century believe that the United States should be involved in foreign affairs?
  2. What was the size of the American army in 1895?

Topic: Expansion in the 1890s

  1. Who developed the thesis that “the dominant fact in American life has been expansion”?
  2. What was a motivating factor that caused the United States to engage in a foreign policy?
  3. What was a key factor that promoted America’s search for new markets in the last decades of the 1880s?

Topic: War in Cuba and the Philippines

  1. What was an important event that led to the US decision to declare war with Spain in 1898?
  2. In the Spanish-American war, was the United States successful?  Or did it find itself in a long-term war?
  3. What was the major argument used by those who opposed to the annexation of the Philippines?
  4. What was the reaction of the Filipinos when the United States acquired the Philippine Islands from Spain?

Terms to Know

  1. Gospel of Wealth: the idea that wealth garnered from earthly success should be used for good works.  Andrew Carnegie promoted this view in an 1889 essay in which he maintained that the wealthy should serve as stewards and act in the best interests of society as a whole.
  2. Imperialism: The system by which great powers gain control of overseas territories. The United States became an imperialist power by gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, and Cuba as a result of the Spanish-American War.
  3. Reform Darwinism: a social theory, based on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution that emphasized activism, arguing that humans could speed up evolution by altering the environment (conditions of housing, work, education in society). A challenge to social Darwinism, reform Darwinism condemned laissez-faire and demanded that the government take a more active approach to solving social problems.  It became the ideological basis for progressive reform in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
  4. Social Darwinism: A social theory based on Charles Darwin’s’ theory of evolution that argues that all progress in human society comes as the result of competition and natural selection.  Gilded Age (1880s – 1890s) proponents such as William Graham Sumner and Herbert Spencer claimed that reform was useless because the rich and poor were precisely where nature intend them to be and intervention would retard the progress of humanity.
  5. Social Gospel Movement: A religious movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries founded on the idea that Christians have a responsibility to reform society as well as individuals.  Social gospel adherents (advocates) encouraged people to put Christ’s teachings to work in their daily lives by actively promoting social justice.