Learning Module 2 – Activity One

History 101[1]

 

 

Justifying Slavery; Justifying Freedom.

 

 

Overview:  The institution of slavery became part of the United States when it was sanctioned by the U.S. Constitution.  At the time of the ratification of the constitution (1789), southerners who owned or aspired to own slaves, considered that existence of slavery was a “necessary evil”:” Slavery was necessary to support the agricultural system dependent upon tobacco and cotton.

 

Yet, in the 1830s, slaveholders shifted their position on justifying slavery. Instead of shrugging their shoulders and saying that “slavery is a necessary evil,” they sharpened their tongues and pens to argue that slavery was a “positive good.” In sum, they claimed that enslaving African Americans was part of the natural order of things – it was part of God’s law, part of history, part of the US legal system and part of sociological principles racial superiority and inferiority.

 

The essential reason that slaveholders and other advocates of slavery in the South changed their rationale for slavery was that they were under attack from white and free black abolitionists in the northern states.  These abolitionists argued that slavery was immoral and contrary to the basic principles of American democracy. 

 

Thus, by the 1830s and 1840s, we find that there were two groups debating the existence of slavery in the United States.  Those who justified slavery as a positive good waged the “proslavery argument.’  Those who damned slavery as immoral and undemocratic shaped the agenda for the abolitionist movement.

 

In this activity, you will be asked to evaluate the arguments of both sides of this debate.  To make a fair evaluation of each argument, you will be asked to identify the central idea and support for each to the two points of view.  Then, after sharing this with your classmates, you can make judgment about the logic of the two points of view.

 

It is anticipated that in this though process you will gain an increased appreciation that there can be several points of view about a topic.  Equally important, the subject matter and discussion will be used as a basis for one of the exam essays for this learning module.

 

General Information

 

Timing:  September 29

Assessment: 20 points.

 

Process

 

  1. Read the relevant sections on slavery in the assigned chapters for this learning module
  2. Read and answer the questions for the two primary source documents.
  3. Use the answers to the questions to prepare for the quiz and discussion.  You do not need to submit written answers to these questions.

  4. One choice of an essay question for the exam for this learning module will be on these documents. 

 

Questions:  Write the answers for each of the two documents.  Be sure to be specific.

 

  1. State in your own words what you believe to be the author’s central thesis or point of view.
  2. Provide one or two examples that the author gives to support his thesis / point of view.

 

 

Documents:

1.      Proslavery Argument: George Fitzhugh, "The Universal Law of Slavery"

2.      Black Abolitionists:  Frederick Douglass, The Meaning of the Fourth of July for the Negro


 

 

 

 

 



[1] Created: 2/21/2006; updated: 9/20/2009