Exam Study Guide – History 101 – LM4

 

There will be 50 questions on the objective test.  There will be no in-class essay.

Quiz 1: three to four questions will be on the exam.

Questions from Lectures:  Note: each label, e.g Cold War, gives access to the lecture notes and/or powerpoint presentation. Use these documents and your class notes to answer the questions.

Cold War:

1.      Which of the two allied powers were instrumental in winning World War in Europe.  What did each of these nations contribute?

2.      The Cold War divided into three phases. Which of the three was the “most dangerous”? Why?

3.      Which president developed the ideology of containment as the centerpiece of American foreign policy?

4.      What is the meaning of the ideology of containment? Who introduced this concept?  

5.      What were the four “declarations of the Cold War”?

6.      Which nation lost the greatest number of soldiers and civilians in World War II? Which nation lost the least?

7.      What were America’s Declarations of the Cold War?

 

Civil Rights Movement: Phase One

1.      What caused the start of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s?

2.      What tactics and strategies did the Civil Rights activists use?

3.      What were the two examples in the fifties in which Civil Rights activists protested against segregation (2nd to last slide)?

4.      What became the “model” for the first phase of the Civil Rights Movement (last slide)


Civil Rights Movement: Phase Two

1.      What were the new organizations added to the Civil Rights Movement in the late 1950s and early 1960s?

2.      What tactics and strategies did most Civil Rights activists use in this second phase? Did Martin Luther King support these?

3.      What traditional policy in the southern states were the activists of the sit-in movement trying to change? What policy were the Freedom Riders trying to change?

4.      In 1963 John F. Kennedy changes his policy toward the Civil Rights Movement. How?

5.      Why is the March on Washington (august 1963) considered to be the high point of the Civil Rights Movement?

6.      What were the two pieces of legislation that Lyndon Johnson, as president, made sure passed in the congress? What is the significance of these two legislation measures? How do they reflect liberal reform?


Modern Welfare State:

1.      Which three presidents created and sustained the Modern Welfare State? What was the major contribution of each of these presidents?

2.      When he became president, Lyndon Johnson introduced an ambitious program of the “Great Society” and the “War on Poverty.” What is the connection between this program and the American economy in the 1960s? (slide 5)”

3.      What were LBJ’s assumptions when structuring the War on Poverty? (slide 9)

4.      What was his rationale (slide 10)

5.      What were the five basic opportunities? (slide 11 & 12)

6.      What was the significant reform that was the result of Johnson’s program (slide 14)

7.      What destroyed LBJ’s domestic program of the Great Society and War on Poverty? (slide 15)


Quagmire of Vietnam:

1.      What action did Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson take in American involvement in Vietnam?

2.      Why is Johnson blamed for the War in Vietnam?

3.      What was Richard Nixon’s “Mad Dog Theory”?

4.      Johnson opened peace negotioations with south and north Vietman in March 1968 and had succeeded in a negotiated settlement.  Johnson’s efforts were ignored by Nixon.  In January 1973, Nixon signed the Peace Accords that ended the war in Vietnam for both the United States and Vietnam. What was the key factor in these Peace Accords with regards to political representation? How does Nixon’s success compare with Johnson’s?  

 

Postwar America at Home, 1945 – 1960. 6th Edition, Chapter 26; 7th Edition, Chapter 25 (“The Other America”) & Lectures on the Civil Rights Movement, Phase I:

1.      In terms of economic goals during his presidency, Harry Truman’s Fair Deal included a provision for workers.  What was this provision?

2.      When Truman had to choose between his Fair Deal and America’s commitment in the Cold War, he chose__________

3.      What group is the “other” in Michael Harrington’s book The Other America?

4.      What is the significance Brown vs. the Board of Education?

5.      What amendment was used by the Supreme Court in its ruling on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

6.      What was the outcome of the Montgomery bus boycotted in 1955-56?

7.      What new approach to protest occurred at the Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1960?

8.      What was the law that outlawed segregation in public accommodations, banned discrimination in hiring and employment, and enforced school desegregation?

9.      What law passed that enforced minorities’ right to vote through federal intervention?

 

Reform and Rebellion in the Turbulent Sixties, 1960 – 1969.  6th Edition, Chapter 28; 7th Edition, Chapter 26. 

1.      What was the attitude of most Americans in 1960 with regards to the federal government addressing the issue of welfare benefits for those living in poverty?

2.      What was the “chief obstacle” that John Kennedy had to overcome in the 1960 campaign?

3.      Did JFK have the same leadership style as Eisenhower or was he more charismatic?

4.      What was the substance of JFK’s New Frontier programs?

5.      Kennedy was able to win congressional support and funding for a project that had embodied the concept of the New Frontier and had never been funded by the federal government. What was this project?

6.      Why did JFK establish the Peace Corps?

7.      What tactic did those who were part of the mainstream (liberal) civil rights movement in achieve its objectives in the 1960s?

8.      Once LBJ became president, what was his major goal of his domestic program?

9.      Did LBJ include a government supported medical assistance plan in his Great Society/War on Poverty program? Was he successful?

10.   What was the major factor that led to LBJ’s inability to fully implement (fund) his War on Poverty/Great Society?

11.   Was LBJ’s War on Poverty the first such program in the United States?

12.   Based on the readings did the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee favor a more militant approach to civil rights issues?

13.   In the election of 1968, did Democrats gain a majority in both houses of Congress? (Nixon, a republican, was elected).

 

Disorder and Discontent, 6th Edition, Chapter 29; 7th Edition, Chapter 27

1.      Nixon, as president, worked to undermine the liberal agenda. How did he deal with the Supreme Court which had liberal members in 1963?

2.      What was the reaction in northern cities when busing was used as a means to desegregate American schools?

3.      What was the Nixon Doctrine? How did this directly impact Nixon’s approach to the war in Vietnam?

4.      In his foreign policy, did Nixon try to encourage new diplomatic relations with the communist countries?

5.      As the events of Watergate become public, what did Americans learn about Nixon?

6.      What was the impact on Nixon when the events of Watergate became public?

7.      What impact did the Watergate scandal have on Americans’ faith in the integrity of a president of the United States?

8.      What was the assumption of the founders of the National Organization about a woman’s status in American society?

9.      _____led the union movement among Chicano farm workers during the 1960s.

10.   What tactic did Chavez use that persuaded grape growers to give into his union demands.

11.   In the 1970s, the Mexican American farm workers pressured land owners to improve their working conditions. Did this lead to any legislation by the California State government? If so, what was this legislation?

12.   Mexican Americans also improved their educational opportunities in the 1970s. How did this change public school education?

13.   With regard to sexuality, what ruling did the American Psychiatric Association make in 1973?